The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.